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Earthworks in Minnesota |
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An Extract
from |
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The
Aborigines of Minnesota |
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A Report
BASED ON THE COLLECTIONS OF JACOB V. BROWER,
AND ON THE
FIELD SURVEYS AND NOTES OF ALFRED J. HILL
AND THEODORE H. LEWIS |
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COLLATED, AUGMENTED AND
DESCRIBED BY
N. H. WINCHELL |
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1906—1911 |
Gustav's
Library Vintage Reprint

This material is also
included in our full reprint of The Aborigines of Minnesota
What a Minnesota
archaeologist once described to me as the holy grail of archaeological titles,
The Aborigines of Minnesota is indeed a scarce and expensive reference.
The problem with the original is that it is a heavy ( 8
pounds! ), oversized ( 9-1/2" x 12-/14" ) volume and the
binding has typically failed over the last 96 years. An original in very
good condition with intact binding will typically fetch between $750.00 -
$1,000.00.
When we looked at reprinting
this wonderful book, we decided to keep the original page size of 9-1/2" x
12-/14" but to break it into two parts to alleviate the binding and
handling problems. While working on part one it
became clear that an extract could be prepared that would address the need for
an archaeological atlas, or earthworks catalog by county, of the state of
Minnesota. Extracting this 350 pages of the original 900 would also allow
us to offer it at a reduced price. As usual, all of the hand assembled,
hand inserted
foldouts (24) are present in their original size. There are hundreds
of earthworks described in this book some of which have disappeared as Minnesota
became more developed over the years. One of my favorites is the boulder
outline of a buffalo which is pictured and described at the bottom of this page.
Earthwork locations are
typically given by township and section descriptions such as the Eagle Lake
mounds which are featured on the cover of our reprint. This simplifies
their location with the aid of a modern county atlas or a geological survey map
available at public libraries or through the internet.

Eagle Lake mounds, (a),
S. W. side, N. 1/2 S. W. 1/4, sec. 31, T. 34-27, about 25 ft. to 35 ft. above
the lake. Group contains 40 small mounds, all circular except one, and crowded.
One is curved and elongated. The largest is 40 ft. by 4 1/2 ft. Surveyed May 6,
1890.
Winchell described this
Minnesota county atlas of earthworks as follows:
It has been the purpose of the following records to
furnish as complete account of each county as the available data will permit. In
the case of a few of the counties nothing is known of their aboriginal
earthworks, although it is quite probable that such exist. The reader will be
struck with the wide extent of these remains. Nearly every county has them, the
only probable exception being in the area north of lake Superior. That area,
however, has received the least attention, and it is not warrantable to infer
from this lack of knowledge that the mound-builders did not occupy it. That
region is rough, sometimes mountainous, and without roads and railroads. When it
shall have been settled it may be that scattered evidences of the mound-builders
will be found.
In this review of the mounds and embankments of the
aborigines of the state, it has been found convenient to follow the order of the
county reports in the final report on the Geological and Natural History Survey
of the state, beginning in the southeastern corner and taking the counties in
order westward across the state in tiers of two, thus:
1. Houston.
2. Winona.
3. Fillmore.
4. Olmsted.
5. Mower.
6. Dodge.
7. Freeborn.
8. Waseca and Steele.
9. Blue Earth.
10. Faribault.
11. Watonwan and Martin.
12. Cottonwood and Jackson.
13. Murray and Nobles.
14. Pipestone and Rock.
15. Redwood and Brown.
16. Yellow Medicine, Lincoln and Lyon.
17. Big Stone and Lac qui Parle.
18. Le Sueur.
19. Rice.
20. Wabasha.
21. Goodhue.
22. Dakota.
23. Carver and Scott.
24. Sibley and Nicollet.
25. McLeod.
26. Renville.
27. Swift and Chippewa.
28. Kandiyohi and Meeker.
29. Wright. |
30. Hennepin.
31. Ramsey.
32. Washington.
33. Isanti, Chisago and Anoka.
34. Benton and Sherburne.
35. Stearns.
36. Douglas and Pope.
37. Grant and Stevens.
38. Wilkin and Traverse.
39. Otter Tail.
40. Wadena and Todd.
41. Crow Wing and Morrison.
42. Mille Lacs and Kanabec.
43. Pine.
44. Carlton.
45. Aitkin.
46. Cass.
47. Hubbard.
48. Becker.
49. Clay.
50. Polk and Norman.
51. Kittson, Roseau and Marshall
52. Beltrami.
53. Itasca.
54. S. Part of St. Louis.
55. N. Part of St. Louis.
56. Lake.
57. Cook. |
This 9-1/2"" x 12-1/4", 350 page soft cover book is illustrated with
42 full page plates of engravings and photographs and contains
24 large foldouts $29.95
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This material is also
included in our full reprint of The Aborigines of Minnesota

Sample
Plates - click on image to enlarge
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Boulder
Outlines in Minnesota |
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Boulder Outline of a
Buffalo, sec. 16, T. 106-43. The
following description was written by Mr. T.
H. Lewis, and published in the American
Anthropologist, July, 1890: "In the western
part of Murray county, Minnesota, there is a
series of conspicuous hills, knolls, and
ridges, which are irregularly grouped, and
the highest points of which rise some 200
feet above the lowest surrounding valleys.
That portion of these elevations lying south
of the Pipestone branch of the Chicago, St.
Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha railroad was known
to the Indians as 'buffalo ridge,' and it
still retains the name. The top of this
ridge is some two miles in length,* running
in a general course from northwest to
southeast through sections 16 and 21 of
township 106, range 43, and finally
terminating on all sides in lower spurs and
terraces, the base of the whole ridge
covering perhaps three square miles.
"On the highest knoll there is a series of
boulder outlines, mostly formed of small
stones. The best preserved of these figures
apparently represents a buffalo, as shown in
the accompanying diagram. It heads to the
northeast, and its greatest length is nearly
12 feet. The horns are nicely rounded, and
one of them is formed by a double row of
stones. Between the outlines of the head
there is a large boulder, about two-thirds
of which is exposed, and which fills out the
head, making it practically solid. Between
the outlines of the body there were formerly
one large and two small boulders which
filled the space. The beds or matrices in
which they had lain were plainly visible
when I made the survey, on August 1, 1889.
These three stones had been removed by some
of the settlers, probably for building
purposes. This figure can scarcely be called
an 'effigy', but it is so nearly like one
that it may be considered a connecting link
between the effigy mounds proper and the
boulder outlines;! yet there is such a
radical difference between the two extremes
that a separate classification is a
necessity, for while the first represents
one half of an animate object in bas-relief,
as it were, and is built solidly of earth,
the other is a mere outline formed of stones
or boulders. |
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