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The Fort Ancient Aspect

Its Cultural and Chronological Position in
Mississippi Valley Archaeology

2009 Reprint Edition

James Bennett Griffin (1943)

 

The site names are legendary: Baum Village Site, Fox Far, Madisonville, Fuert Village Site, to name just a few.  Over 700 pages in length and with early historic maps from the 17th Century from such notable sources as Marquette, Joliet, Franquelin and Minet, Griffin's monumental work sheds new light on the Ft. Ancient people.

Griffin on the builders of Ft. Ancient and Serpent Mound

The lack of evidence conclusively associating the building of Fort Ancient with the culture to which Mills gave the name "Fort Ancient" and the definite suggestions of Hopewellian occupation in and to the east of the fort make it probable that the fort was not built by the "Fort Ancient" people, just as it is even more probable that Serpent Mound was not built by them. If these two earthen monuments were actually built prior to the Fort Ancient occupation of Ohio, the only large earthworks ever assigned to that culture are eliminated from that classification. Willoughby has maintained for years that Serpent Mound and Fort Ancient belonged to the Hopewellian culture, and Shetrone by 1931 did not include them as Fort Ancient sites. Shetrone at the same time also suggested the possibility that the fort Itself was built before the formation of the Fort Ancient culture as represented in the valley village sites and said: "The question may later be answered by further exploration of the Fort site"" It now seems fairly clear that the culture was misnamed, but lack of definite evidence and the well-established use of Fort Ancient as the name for the cultural material forming the subject of this book make it inadvisable to suggest a new term."

We have split this large volume into two parts: Part 1 contains the text, maps and tables and Part 2 contains the 154 full page plates and descriptions along with the index.

This two part, 8" x 10-1/2", 728 page, soft cover, facsimile reprint two part set  is illustrated with 18 text figures, 6 foldout tables, 10 maps (5 foldouts) and 154 full-page plates.  $34.95

       

Map 1. The distribution of sites in the Fort Ancient Aspect. Includes portions of Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and West Virginia. (11" x 17")

Map 8. Franquelin's 1684 map of Louisiana. Both the lower Mississippi and Ohio valleys are curiously distorted. From The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, Volume 63. (13" x 17")

PLATE CL
A Madisonville Plain vessel from northern Indiana. On loan to the Ohio State Museum. Height, 47.7 cm.

PLATE CXX
Miscellaneous artifacts from the Fox Farm Component, In the University of Kentucky Museum of Archaeology.

Table of Contents

Introduction
I. The Geographical Background
II. The Association of Historic Tribes with the
     Fort Ancient Area
III. The Baum Focus
     The Baum Component
     The Gartner Component
     The Baldwin Component
     Serpent Mound and the Brush Creek
     Component
     The Baum Focus Summary
IV. The Feurt Focus
     The Feurt Component
     The Fullerton Field Component
     The Proctorville Component
     The Feurt Focus Summary
V. The Anderson Focus
     The Anderson Component
     The Taylor Mound and Village Component
     The Steele Dam Component
     The Kemp Component
     The Mill Grove Component
     The Stokes Component
     The Anderson Focus Summary
VI. The Madisonville Focus
     The Madisonville Component
     The Sand Ridge Component
     The Turpin Component
     The Hahn's Field Component
     The Campbell Island Component
     The Hine Mound Component
     The Steel Plant Component
     The Fox Farm Component
     The Larkin Component
     The Buckner Component
     The Clay Mound Component
     The Southeastern Indiana Madisonville
      Focus Sites
     The Madisonville Focus Summary
VII. The Fort Ancient Aspect
VIII. The Chronological Position of Fort Ancient
       and the Hopewell-Adena Occupation
IX. The Fort Ancient Component
X. Cultural Interrelations Between the Fort
    Ancient and Iroquoian Aspects
XI. Certain West Virginia Components Related
     to Fort Ancient
     The Wells Component
     Clover Component
     Blennerhassett Island
XII. Fort Ancient and the Southeast
XIII. The Fort Ancient Aspect and Middle
       Mississippi
XIV. Fort Ancient and Central Indiana
     The Haueisen Component
     Other Central Indiana Sites
XV. The Fort Ancient Aspect and the Upper
      Mississippi Phase
     The Fisher Focus
     The Huber Component
     The Oneota Aspect
XVI. Speculations
Bibliography
Appendix A. Comments on the Classification
Appendix B. Pottery Type Descriptions
Appendix C. Cross-section Outlines
Appendix D. Tables VI-XIV
Index
 

MAPS

1. The distribution of sites in the Fort Ancient Aspect
2. A section of Marquette's map
3. A section of Marquette's map according to Thevenot
4. A section of Joliet's map of 1674
5. A section of a map credited to Joliet
6. Franquelin's map of 1681
7. A map resembling Franquelin's 1684 creation
8. Franquelin's Carte de la Lousiane of 1684
9. Minet's map of 1685
10. A part of Franquelin's map of 1689

Illustrations

Cross-section outlines of vessels and sherds

i. Baum Cord-marked rims from the Baum site
2. Baum Cord-marked rims from the Gartner and Baldwin sites
3. Baum Cord-marked sherds from the Brush Creek Component
4. Feurt Component sherds
5. Proctorville and Feurt sherds
6. Anderson Focus vessels and sherds
7. Madisonville Component vessels
8. Madisonville vessels and sherds
9. Vessels from the Turpin Component
10. Sherds from the Turpin Component
11. Jars, bowls, and sherds from Ham's Field site
12. Sherds from Sand Ridge Component
13. Fox Farm Salt Pan and Bowl rims from Fox Farm
14. Madisonville Cord-marked sherds at Fox Farm
15. Various pottery types at Fox Farm
16. Fisher Focus sherds
17. Sherds from Lane farm enclosure
18. Orr Focus pottery

PLATES

I. Baum Cord-marked jars.
II. Baum Cord-marked rims.
III. Incised Baum Cord-marked rims.
IV. Strap and lug handles on Baum Cord-marked rims.
V. Baum Cord-marked jar.
VI. Baum Cord-marked sherds.
VII. Baum Component sherds.
VIII. Baum Cord-marked sherds.
IX. Gartner Component pottery specimens.
X. Baum Cord-marked sherds from Gartner.
XI. Baum Cord-marked sherds from Gartner.
XII. Baum Cord-marked sherds from Gartner.
XIII. Child burial and artifacts from Baldwin Component.
XIV. Artifacts from Baldwin.
XV. Bone and antler artifacts from Baldwin.
XVI. Baum Cord-marked sherds from Baldwin.
XVII. Grit-tempered sherds from Baldwin.
XVIII. Pottery from the Brush Creek Component.
XIX. Baum Cord-marked sherds from the Brush Creek Component.
XX. Baum Cord-marked and Incised sherds from the Feurt Component.
XXI. Baum Cord-marked and Incised sherds from the Feurt Component.
XXII. Decorated sherds from Feurt Component.
XXIII. Baum Cord-marked and Feurt Incised sherds from Feurt.
XXIV. Feurt Incised sherds from Feurt.
XXV. Fox Farm Cord-marked sherds from Fullerton Field.
XXVI. Various sherds from Fullerton Field.
XXVII. Artifacts from Fullerton Field.
XXVIII. Artifacts from Fullerton Field.
XXIX. Bone artifacts from Fullerton Field.
XXX. Bone beads from Fullerton Field.
XXXI. Artifacts from Proctorville.
XXXII. Bone implements from Proctorville.
XXXIII. Artifacts from Proctorville.
XXXIV. Proctorville Cord-marked jars from Proctorville.
XXXV. Various pottery types from Proctorville.
XXXVI. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised jars from Anderson.
XXXVII. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised jars from Anderson.
XXXVIII. Anderson Cord-marked sherds from Anderson.
XXXIX. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised sherds from Anderson.
XL. Anderson Cord-marked sherds from Anderson.
XLI. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised sherds from Anderson.
XLII. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised sherds from Anderson.
XLIII. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised sherds from Anderson.
XLIV. Artifacts from Anderson.
XLV. Artifacts from the Taylor Component.
XLVI. Artifacts from the Taylor Component.
XLVII. Shell ornaments from the Taylor Component.
XLVIII. Shell implements and ornaments from the Taylor Component.
XLIX. Pottery vessels and pipes from the Taylor Component.
L. Various sherds from the Taylor Component.
LI. Artifacts from Steele Dam.
LII. Artifacts from Steele Dam.
LIII. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised sherds from Steele Dam.
LIV. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised sherds from Steele Dam.
LV. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised sherds from Steele Dam.
LVI. Various rim and body sherds from Steele Dam.
LVIL Anderson Cord-marked and Incised sherds from the Kemp Component.
LVIII. Anderson Cord-marked and Incised sherds from the Mill Grove Component.
LIX. Various sherds from the Stokes Component.
LX. Madisonville Component jars.
LXL Madisonville Component jars.
LXII. Madisonville Component jars.
LXIII. Madisonville Component jars.
LXIV. Madisonville Component jars.
LXV. Madisonville Component jars.
LXVI. Madisonville Component jars.
LXVII. Madisonville Component pottery.
LXVIII. Madisonville Component vessels.
LXIX. Madisonville Component jars.
LXX. Madisonville Component jars.
LXXI. Madisonville Component pottery specimens.
LXXII. Madisonville Component sherds—salt pans and bowls.
LXXIII. Madisonville Cord-marked rims from Madisonville.
LXXIV. Madisonville Component handle types.
LXXV. Madisonville Component decorated sherds.
LXXVI. Miscellaneous Madisonville sherds.
LXXVIL Miscellaneous Madisonville sherds.
LXXVIII. Artifacts from Madisonville.
LXXIX. Artifacts from Madisonville.
LXXX. Miscellaneous sherds from the Sand Ridge Component.
LXXXI. Pottery vessels from the Turpin Component.
LXXXII. Pottery vessels from the Turpin Component.
LXXXIII. Sherds from the Turpin Component.
LXXXIV. Sherds from the Turpin Component.
LXXXV. Pottery vessels from the Hahn's Field Component.
LXXXVI. Pottery vessels from the Hahn's Field Component.
LXXXVII. Pottery from the Hahn's Field Component.
LXXXVIII. Pottery from the Hahn's Field Component.
LXXXIX. Pottery vessels from Campbell Island, Hine Mound, and Steel Plant.
XC. Pottery vessels from the Campbell Island Component.
XCI. Pottery fragments from the Campbell Island Component.
XCII. Rim and body sherds from the Larkin Component.
XCIII. Decorated sherds from the Larkin Component.
XCIV. Pottery and artifacts from the Larkin Component.
XCV. Miscellaneous sherds from the Buckner Component.
XCVI. Artifacts from the Buckner Component.
XCVII. Artifacts from the Clay Component.
XCVIII. Artifacts from the Clay Component.
XCIX. Fort Ancient pottery from southeastern Indiana.
C. Madisonville Cord-marked sherds from Ohio County, Indiana.
CI. Fox Farm Salt Pans from the Fox Farm Component.
CII. Fox Farm Salt Pans from the Fox Farm Component.
CIII. Fox Farm Bowls from the Fox Farm Component.
CIV. Madisonville Cord-marked sherds from the Fox Farm Component.
CV. Madisonville Cord-marked sherds from the Fox Farm Component.
CVI. Decorated Madisonville Cord-marked sherds from Fox Farm.
CVII. Decorated Madisonville Cord-marked sherds from Fox Farm.
CVIII. Madisonville Cord-marked strap handles from Fox Farm.
CIX. Strap and loop handles from the Fox Farm Component.
CX. Strap and loop handles from the Fox Farm Component.
CXI. Fox Farm Cord-marked rims from Fox Farm.
CXII. Fox Farm Cord-marked rims from Fox Farm.
CXIII. Miscellaneous sherds from Fox Farm.
CXIV. Decorated Fox Farm Cord-marked sherds from Fox Farm.
CXV. Fox Farm Cord-marked lug handles from Fox Farm.
CXVI. Various minor pottery types from Fox Farm.
CXVII. Artifacts from the Fox Farm Component.
CXVIIL Artifacts from the Fox Farm Component.
CXIX. Pipes and clay artifacts from Fox Farm.
CXX. Miscellaneous artifacts from Fox Farm.
CXXI. Shell gorgets from Fox Farm.
CXXII. Sherds from near Clifton, West Virginia.
CXXIII. Two jars from West Virginia.
CXXIV. Sherds from the Clover Component.
CXXV. Pottery specimens from the Clover and Wells components.
CXXVI. Sherds from Blennerhassett Island.
CXXVII. Woodland pottery from Gala, Virginia.
CXXVIII. Pottery vessels from Lenoir, Tennessee.
CXXIX. Pottery vessels from Lenoir, Tennessee.
CXXX. Pottery vessels from Citico, Chilhowey, and Toqua, Tennessee.
CXXXI. Pottery vessels from Citico, Tennessee.
CXXXII. Hopewellian artifacts from near Fort Ancient.
CXXXIII. Tubular pipe from the Robert Harness mound and sherds from Seip mound.
CXXXIV. Miscellaneous vessels from the Fort Ancient area.
CXXXV. Miscellaneous vessels from the Fort Ancient area.
CXXXVI. Shell-tempered pottery from the Fisher site.
CXXXVII. Shell-tempered rims and handles from Fisher.
CXXXVIII. Grit-tempered pottery from Fisher.
CXXXIX. Vessels from Fisher.
CXL. Sherds from the Huber Component, Illinois.
CXLI. Pottery from the Midway Component of the Orr Focus.
CXLII. Pottery from the Midway and Shrake-Gillies components.
CXLIII. Orr Focus pottery.
CLIV. Orr Focus pottery.
CXLV. Pottery from the Walker-Hooper Component.
CXLVI. Lake Winnebago Focus jars.
CXLVII. Lake Winnebago Focus sherds.
CXLVIII. Oneota pottery from Saline County, Missouri.
CXLIX. Oneota pottery from Saline County, Missouri.
CL. A Madisonville Plain vessel from northern Indiana.
CLI. Pottery from the Haueisen Component.
CLII. Woodland and Fort Ancient pottery from the Haueisen Component.
CLIII. Pottery from the Oliver Component.
CLIV. Pottery from the Oliver Component.
CLV. Pottery from the Oliver Component.
CLVI. Pottery from the Oliver Component.
CLVII. Pottery from three sites in central Indiana.