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Tobacco, Pipes and Smoking Customs of the
American Indians |
|
BULLETIN OF THE PUBLIC
MUSEUM OF THE CITY OF MILWAUKEE |
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Vol. 17, Parts 1 and 2 |
|
George A. West - 1934 |
Gustav's
Library Vintage Reprint

The classic two volume
work by George A. West on tobacco use of
the American Indian. West drew upon museum as
well as private collections of pipes to produce
a most comprehensive work on the subject.
Volume 1 contains the history of tobacco use,
types of tobacco used and the pipe
classification system. Volume 2 features 257
plates of thousands of prehistoric and
historic pipes from across North America along
with their descriptions and provenance.
West references many existing
publications including:
Pipes and Smoking Customs of the American
Aborigines by McGuire and
Exploration of
Tremper Mound by Mills both of these
reprints are available from this site.
|
West
on tobacco |
"Although the statement has been controverted, there remains but little
doubt that the knowledge of tobacco and
its uses reached the remainder of the
world from America. At the landing of
Columbus, in 1492, the use of this herb,
by the natives encountered, was a
revelation to him and his sailors. At
that time no one anticipated that,
within a century or two, its fame and
popularity would encircle the globe and
become of tremendous commercial
importance.
Tobacco has withstood the vicissitudes of time, the antagonisms of
powerful rulers, extravagant
exaggerations as to its virtues, and
condemnation as "a pestiferous and
wicked poison from the devil",1 yet it
has more friends today than any other
plant product known to humankind.
It is the author's purpose to, in the following pages, trace the history
of tobacco, the development and spread
of its use throughout the world, and to
review briefly its commercial importance
at the present time. Particularly is it
his desire to review the prehistory and
the early history of the devices
employed in smoking by various races and
in various parts of the globe. The most
important of these devices is obviously
the pipe, not only on account of the
fact that it was the instrument most
used and most highly developed, but
because it was made by prehistoric as
well as by historic races of relatively
indestructible materials, such as stone
and pottery. Obviously therefore these
implements have been preserved literally
"down through the ages" and in them we
have a concrete record of one of the
highly important cultural factors in
primitive America, and this includes the
religious and ceremonial aspects of a
great variety of cultures, as these
developed under varying environmental
conditions."This 6-1/2" x 9-1/2", 995 page, soft cover, facsimile reprint
two part set is
illustrated with 257 full-page plates, 17 text
figures and 19 maps of pipe
distributions. $54.95 |
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SET of Parts 1 & 2
(995 pages) |
$54.95 |
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Each part is also
available individually.
*** |
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Part 1 TEXT
only
(477 pages) |
$29.95 |
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Part 2 PLATES only
(518 pages) |
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CONTENTS |
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Foreword
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Discovery of Tobacco
The Name "Tobacco"
Indian Names for Tobacco
Introduction of Tobacco into Europe
The Conquest of Tobacco
Europe
Russia
Turkey, and the Onward March of
Tobacco
The Use of Tobacco by the American
Indians as a Medicine
Cultivation and Uses of Tobacco by
the American Indians
Species of Tobacco Used or
Cultivated by the Indians in America
Nicotiana Tabacum L
Nicotiana rustica L
Nicotiana Bigelovii (Torr.) Wats
Nicotiana quadrivalvis Pursh
Nicotiana multivalvis Lindl
Nicotiana attenuata Torr
Nicotiana Clevelandi Gray
Nicotiana trigonophylla Dun
Nicotiana repanda Willd
Nicotiana nudicaulis Wats
Nicotiana Stocktoni Brand
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv
Offerings of Tobacco in a Dry State
Smoke Offerings and Other Uses of
Tobacco
Snuff
Snuff-tubes from South America
Snuff-tubes from Costa Rica
Snuff-tubes from Tiahuanaco
Snuff-tubes and Trays
Snuff Using Among the Eskimo
Tobacco Chewing Among the American
Indians
Tobacco Chewing Among the Eskimo
Blends and Substitutes for Tobacco
Aboriginal Trade Routes
Present Production and Disposition
of Tobacco in the United States
Myths Relating to Tobacco
General Pipe Areas
Classification of Aboriginal Smoking
Pipes
Tubes of Aboriginal Make
Straight Tubes
Tubes of the Northwest Coast Area
Tubes of the California Area
Tubes of the Southwestern Area
Tubes from New Mexico
Tubes from Arizona
Tube from Nevada
Tubes from Colorado
Tubes from Ruins in the Mesa Verde
National Park
Tubes from Utah
Tubes of the Upper Mississippi-Great
Lakes Area
Tubes from Wisconsin
Tubes with Flattened Sides from
Wisconsin
Tubes of Pottery from Wisconsin
Mounds
Tubes from Iowa
Tubes from Minnesota
Tubes from Illinois
Tubes from Michigan
Tubes from Indiana
Tubes from Missouri
Tubes from the Plains Area
Tubes from North Dakota
Tubes from South Dakota
Tubes from the Ohio and Southeastern
Areas
Tubes from Ohio
Tubes from Kentucky
Tubes from Tennessee
Tube from Virginia
Tubes from West Virginia
Tube from North Carolina
Tubes from South Carolina
Tubes from Georgia
Tubes of Pottery from Florida
Tubes from Pennsylvania
Tubes from New York State
Tubes from Canada
Tubes of Wood from South America
Tubes used in Medicine Practices
Monitor Pipes
Flat-based Monitor Pipes
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
Wisconsin
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from Iowa
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
Illinois
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
Michigan
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
Indiana
Flat-based Monitor Pipe from South
Dakota
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from Ohio
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
Kentucky
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
Tennessee
Flat-based Monitor Pipe from West
Virginia
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from South
Carolina
Flat-based Monitor Pipe from
Mississippi
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from New
York
Flat-based Monitor Pipe from
Connecticut
Flat-based Monitor Pipes from Canada
Modified Flat-based Monitor Pipes
from Wisconsin
Modified Flat-based Monitor Pipes
from other States
Extremely Modified Monitor Pipes
Alate-stemmed Monitor Pipes
Curve-based Monitor Pipes
Curve-based Monitor Pipes from the
Mound City Group
Pipes from the Tremper Mound
Plain Curve-based Monitor Pipes from
the Tremper Mound
Other Curve-based Effigy Monitor
Pipes from Ohio
Other Curve-based Effigy Pipes
Curve-based Monitor Pipes from Ohio
(not Effigy)
Curve-based Monitor Pipes from
Wisconsin
Curve-based Monitor Pipes from
Illinois
Curve-based Monitor Pipes from South
Dakota
Effigy Pipes in Animal Forms
Heavy Animal-form Effigy Pipes
Bird Effigy Pipes
Duck Effigy Pipes
Eagle Effigy Pipes
Various Bird Effigy Pipes
Owl Effigy Pipes
Wolf-Head Effigy Pipes
Idol Pipes
Effigy Pipes in Human Form
Effigy of a Human Hand Holding the
Bowl of a Pipe
Effigy of a Human Being Holding a
Pipe Bowl on its Shoulders |
Lighter
Weight Effigy Pipes
Effigy Pipes of Sitting Animals
Lizard Effigy Pipes
Lizard Pipes With Stems
Lizard Pipes Without Stems
Turtle Effigy Pipes
Frog and Toad Effigy Pipes
Fish Effigy Pipes
Snake Effigy Pipes
Pipes in Forms of Animal's Heads
Miscellaneous Effigy Pipes
Effigy Pipes in Metal
Disk Pipes
Handle Disk Pipes
Handleless Disk Pipes
Ceremonial Disk Pipes
Handle Pipes
Handle Pipes, Unornamented
Handle Pipes in Effigy Form
Handle Pipes requiring Separate
Stems
Ovoid Pipes
Vase-shaped Pipes
Lens-shaped Pipes
Keel-shaped Pipes
Trapezoidal Pipes
Circular Peace or Chief's Pipes
Bridegroom Pipes
Micmac Pipes
Convex-stemmed Pipes
The Calumet
Uses of the Calumet by the American
Indians
Ceremonies in which the Calumet
Plays an Important Part
Distribution of the Calumet
Custodians of Sacred Pipes
Calumet Pipe-stems
Calumet Pipe-bowls
Sacred Pipes of the Ioway Indians
Decorations of the Pipe-stems of the
Ioway
Dancing Wands of the Ioway
Stems of the Gens Pipes of the
Missouri Indians
Siouan Pipes of the Calumet Type
Still Used
Elbow or Rectangular Pipes
Elbow Pipes of Stone for Individual
Use
Elbow Pipes from Mesa Verde
Eccentric Forms of Pipes from
Wisconsin
Pipes with Angularly Directed Bowls
Leaded and Inlaid Pipes
Pipes from Iowa
Pipes from South Dakota
A Pipe with Two Bowls and Two Stems
Iroquoian Pipes
Iroquoian Pottery Pipes
Pottery Pipes
Pottery Pipes from Wisconsin
Pottery Pipes from Michigan
Pottery Pipes from Tennessee
Pottery Pipes from Ohio
Pottery Pipes from Georgia and
Nearby States
Pottery Pipes of the "Coffee Bean"
Type
Double Conoidal Pipes
Pottery Pipes from the Southwest
Long-stemmed Pipes from Arkansas
Other Pottery Pipes from Arkansas
Pottery Pipes from Louisiana
Pottery Pipes from Florida
Pottery Pipes from South Carolina
Pottery Pipes from Mexico
Pebble Pipes
Modern Pipes and Smoking Customs
Pipes of the Northwest Coast Area
Indian Pipes of Northern Alaska
Eskimo Pipes
Alaskan Eskimo Pipes of Ivory
Pipes of the Hudson Bay Eskimo
South American Smoking Customs
Pipes from South America
Pipes from Panama
Cigar-holders from Brazil
Ceremonial Cigarettes
Modern Pipes of North America
Pipes of the Blackfoot Indians
Modern Stone Pipes of the Ojibwa
Metal Tomahawks and Trade Axes
The Tomahawk Pipe
Tomahawk Pipes of British Type
Tomahawk Pipes of French Type
Tomahawk Pipes of Spanish Type
Makers of Metal Tomahawk Pipes
Tomahawk Pipes Made by White
Blacksmiths
Tomahawk Pipes Made of Stone
Lead Pipes
Clay and Pottery Trade Pipes
Alleged Calumets
Aboriginal Pipe Materials
The Catlinite Quarry of Minnesota
Catlinite Quarries of Wisconsin
Early Lead Mining and Smelting
Methods of Manufacture of Aboriginal
Pipes
Tools Used in Aboriginal Pipe Making
Stone Scrapers
Gouges and Reamers
Primitive Drilling
Primitive Drills
Shaftless Stone Drills
Stone Drill Points Used With Shafts
Awl Points of Stone and Copper Shaft
Drill With Wooden Point
Shaft Drill With Stone Point
Enlargement of Drill Bores
The Tubular Drill
Drill With Solid Copper Point
The Pump Drill
The Strap Drill
The Bow Drill
Alleged File Marks
The White Man's Influence in Pipe
Making
Myths—Tobacco Pipe
Distribution of Aboriginal Pipes
Summary
Conclusion
Bibliography
Index
Finding List for Pipes by Localities
Finding List for Pipes by
Collections and Collectors |
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PLATES |
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Frontispiece—Chippewa Indian and
boy, in full costume, with large
Ceremonial Pipe..
1. Map showing areas in which
Tobacco was used and cultivated by
the Aborigines of North America.
2. Snuff-tubes from South America
and Alaska.
3. Snuff-tubes and Snuff-trays from
Chile and Peru.
4. Human Effigy Pipes, United States
and Alaska.
5. Eccentric Effigy Pipes from the
United States.
6. Preparation of Kinnikinnick by
the Chippewa,
7. fig. 1. Field of Tobacco ready
for cutting. fig. 2. Tobacco, cut
and laid to wither.
8. fig. 1. "Spearing" Tobacco
Plants. fig. 2. Hauling Tobacco to
the curing barn.
9. fig. 1. Tobacco Plants after
cutting. fig. 2. A Tobacco Plant in
bloom.
10. fig. 1. A Tobacco warehouse.
fig. 2. Bundles of Tobacco ready for
market.
11. fig. 1. Tobacco Plants producing
seed. fig. 2. A bale of Tobacco.
12. Map, showing Aboriginal Pipe
Areas of North America.
13. Tube Pipes.
14. Tubes of various types.
15. Tubes of various types.
16. Tubes of the California area.
17. Tubes of the California area.
18. Tubes of the California and the
Mississippi-Ohio Valley areas.
19. Tubes of the California area.
20. Tubes of the Southwestern and of
the California areas.
21. Tubes of the California, the
Southwestern and the Plains areas.
22. Tubes from Pennsylvania and the
Southwestern area.
23. Tubes of the Southwestern area.
24. Tubes of the Southwestern area.
25. Ceremonial cigarettes of reed.
26. Stone Pipes from different
states.
27. Pottery Pipes from ruins in Mesa
Verde National Park.
28. Black slate Pipes of the Gosi
Utes.
29. Stone Tubes found in Wisconsin.
30. Stone Tubes.
31. Stone Tubes.
32. Stone Tubes found in Wisconsin.
33. Stone Tubes from Michigan.
34. Flattened Tubes from Wisconsin.
35. Pottery Pipes of the Wisconsin
Effigy Mound culture, from mounds
and graves.
36. Stone Tubes of the Upper
Mississippi-Great Lakes area.
37. Pipes from the State of Iowa.
38. Tubes of the Mississippi-Ohio
Valley area.
39. Full-length-human-figure Effigy
Tube from Ohio.
40. figs. 1, 3-7. Stone pipes from
Ohio. fig. 2. Bone Tube from
Tennessee.
41. Stone Pipes from Ohio and other
states.
42. Bird Effigy Pipes.
43. Tubes from South America.
44. Cache of Flat-based Monitor
Pipes from a Wisconsin mound.
45. Flat-based Monitor Pipe from
Wisconsin.
46. Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
Wisconsin.
47. Pipes from Winnebago County,
Wisconsin.
48. Exceptional Curve-based and Owl
Effigy Monitor Pipes.
49. figs. 1-3. Iroquois Pipes from
Ohio. figs. 4,5. Flat-based Monitor
Pipes from Illinois and Michigan.
50. Flat-based Monitor Pipes.
51. Modified Flat-based Monitor
Pipes.
52. Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
Ohio and Indiana.
53. figs. 1, 2. Hudson Bay type of
Stone Pipes.
fig. 3. Trumpet-shaped Cigar wound
with birch bark. figs. 4-6. Stone
Pipes from Ohio.
54. Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
Kentucky.
55. Pottery Pipes from Tennessee.
56. Flat-based and Modified Monitor
Pipes.
57. figs. 1-4. Pipes showing
effigies of the human face. fig. 5.
Flat-based Monitor Pipe.
fig. 6. Curve-based Monitor Pipe
with Bird-head Effigy bowl. fig. 7.
Bird-head Effigy Pipe.
58. Flat-based Monitor Pipes from
South Carolina.
59. Modified Monitor Pipes from
Wisconsin.
60. Alate-stemmed, Convex-stemmed,
and Effigy Pipes.
61. Modified Flat-based Monitor
Pipes with High Bowls.
62. Curve-based Monitor Bird Effigy
Pipe from Ohio.
63. Curve-based Monitor Bird Effigy
Pipes from Ohio.
64. Curve-based Monitor Bird Effigy
Pipes from Ohio.
65. Curve-based Monitor Bird Effigy
Pipes from Ohio.
66. Curve-based Monitor Bird Effigy
Pipes from Ohio.
67. Curve-based Monitor Bird and
Mammal Effigy Pipes from Ohio.
68. Curve-based Monitor Mammal
Effigy Pipes from Ohio.
69. Curve-based Monitor Mammal
Effigy Pipes from Ohio.
70. Curve-based Monitor Mammal
Effigy Pipes from Ohio.
71. Curve-based Monitor Mammal
Effigy Pipes from Ohio.
72. Curve-based Monitor Mammal
Effigy Pipes from Ohio.
73. Frog and Toad Effigy Pipes from
Ohio and Illinois.
74. figs. 1,2. Unfinished
Curve-based Monitor Pipes. figs.
3-5. Pipes showing methods of repair
by the use of dowels and copper
bands.
75. Curve-based Monitor Pipes from
Ohio.
76. Curve-based Monitor Pipes with
High Bowls from Ohio.
77. Curve-based Monitor Turtle
Effigy Pipes.
78. Curve-based Monitor Pipes from
Ohio.
79. Curve-based Monitor Pipes from
Wisconsin.
80. Disk and Platform Pipes from
Illinois and Wisconsin.
81. Curve-based Monitor Pipes from
Illinois.
82. Effigy Pipes.
83. Bird Effigy Pipes.
84. Bird Effigy Pipes from
Tennessee.
85. Effigy Pipes.
86. Large Bird Effigy Pipes from
North Carolina.
87. Large Bird Effigy Pipe.
88. Large Effigy Pipes.
89. Effigy Pipes.
90. Southern Effigy Pipes.
91. Effigy Pipes from Mississippi.
92. Effigy Pipes from Wisconsin.
93. Duck Effigy Pipes from
Tennessee.
94. Effigy Pipes.
95. Effigy Pipes.
96. Bird Effigy Pipes.
97. figs. 1,2. Eagle Effigy Pipes.
fig. 3. Pottery Pipe.
97, fig. 4. Bird Effigy Pipe. fig.
5. Human-head Effigy Pipe.
98. Bird Effigy Pipe of hematite.
99. Bird Effigy Pipe from Indiana.
100. Effigy Pipes.
101. Effigy Pipes.
102. Bird Effigy Pipes.
103. Bird Effigy Pipe from Michigan.
104. figs. 1-4. Drills and drill
points. figs. 5, 6. Unfinished Bird
Effigy Pipes.
105. Double-headed Owl Effigy Pipe
from Ontario.
106. Pottery Pipes.
107. Large Effigy Pipes.
108. Large Effigy Pipes, Wolf type.
109. Mammal Effigy Pipes from the
Seip mound, Ohio.
110. Effigy Pipe from Pennsylvania.
111. Human Effigy Pipe from Alabama.
112. Effigy Pipes.
113. Remarkable Human Effigy Pipe.
114. Human Effigy Pipe.
115. fig. 1. Three Pewter Pipes from
New Jersey. fig. 2. Human Effigy
Pipe.
116. fig. 1. Effigy Pipe from
Indiana. fig. 2. Elbow Pipe from
Florida. figs. 3, 4. Human Effigy
Pipes.
117. figs. 1,2. Effigy Handle Pipe.
fig. 3. Burial with which above
Effigy Handle Pipe was found.
118. Unusual Human Effigy Pipe from
Wisconsin.
119. Human Effigy Pipe from Canada.
120. Mammal Effigy Pipes from
Canada.
121. Pipes from Ontario, Canada.
122. Animal Effigy Pipes.
123. Lizard Effigy Pipe from
Ontario.
124. Lizard Effigy Pipe from
Ontario.
125. Eccentric forms of Pipes from
Wisconsin.
126. Effigy Pipes.
127. Unusual Turtle Effigy Pipe from
Michigan.
128. Effigy Pipes from the Eastern
United States.
129. Effigy and ornamented Pipes
from Wisconsin.
130. Frog Effigy Pipes.
131. Handle Pipes from Wisconsin.
132. Iroquoian Pottery Pipes.
133. Effigy Pipe, from the Esch
mound, Ohio.
134. fig. 1. Pipe in the form of a
claw. fig. 2. Effigy Keel Pipe. fig.
3. Elbow Pipe of the "Coffee-bean"
type. fig. 4. Animal-head Effigy
Pipe. fig. 5. Micmac type of Pipe,
with bird-head effigy.
135. Bird Effigy Pipes.
136. Unusual North American Pipes.
137. figs. 1,2. Strange Effigy Pipe.
figs. 3, 4. Unusual type of Elbow
Pipe.
138. Calcite Elbow Pipes from
Canada.
139. figs. 1-3. Hard Talc Handle
Pipes. fig. 4. Frog Effigy Pipe.
fig. 5. Elbow Pipe.
140. Large Disk Pipe.
141. Large Disk Pipe.
142. Disk Pipes of Minnesota
catlinite from Wisconsin.
143. Various modifications of Disk
Pipes from Wisconsin.
144. Disk Pipes from Wisconsin.
145. Disk Pipes.
146. Exceptional and Modified Disk
Pipes, from Wisconsin.
147. figs. 1,2. Effigy Disk Pipe
from Kentucky. figs. 3,4. Disk Pipe
from Wisconsin.
148. Disk Pipes of Minnesota
catlinite.
149. Disk Pipes.
150. Catlinite Pipes from the Blood
Run site, Iowa.
151. Ceremonial or War-bundle Disk
Pipe from Ohio.
152. War-bundles and War-bundle
Pipes.
153. Disk Pipe from Osage
sacred-bundle.
154. Angular Pipes.
155. Handle Pipe from Wisconsin.
156. figs. 1-3. Handle Pipes from
Ohio. figs. 4, 5. Ovoid Pipes from
Ohio.
157. Handle Pipes from Illinois.
158. Unfinished Pipes.
159. Ovoid Pipes from Wisconsin.
160. Vase-shaped Pipes and similar
forms.
161. Lens-shaped Pipes from
Wisconsin.
162. Keel-shaped Pipes.
163. fig. 1. Coffee-bean Pottery
Pipe. fig. 2. Lens-shaped Pine of
black slate
164. Trapezoidal Pipes.
165. Pebble Pipes.
166. Circular Peace Pipes.
167. Circular Peace Pipes.
168. Bird Effigy Pipe.
169. Micmac and Modified Micmac
Pipes.
170. Modified Micmac Pipes.
171. Micmac and Elbow Pipes.
172. Micmac Pipes.
173. Calumet Pipes.
174. Rectangular Wisconsin Calumets.
175. Rectangular Calumets.
176. Elbow Pipes.
177. Specialized Calumets and other
rare forms.
178. Calumets with Stems.
179. Calumets with Stems.
180. Calumets with Stems.
181. Calumets with Stems.
182. Blackfoot Ceremonial Pipe.
183. Highly decorated Calumet
Pipe-stems.
184. Bowls of Ioway and Missouri
Sacred Pipes.
185. Ioway Clan Peace Pipes.
186. Quill-decorated Stems of Ioway
Gens Pipes.
187. Reverse sides of Ioway Gens
Pipe Stems.
188. Quill-decorated Stem of the Owl
Gens Peace Pipe of the Ioway
Indians.
189. Ceremonial Calumets of the
Ioway Indians.
190. Stems of the Gens Pipes of the
Missouri Indians.
191. Stems of Gens Pipes of the
Missouri Indians.
192. Rectangular or Elbow Pipes from
Wisconsin.
193. Wisconsin Elbow Pipes.
194. Wisconsin Elbow Pipes.
195. Rectangular Pipes.
196. Rectangular Pipes.
197. Small Elbow Pipes and related
forms.
198. Modified forms of Rectangular
Pipes.
199. Pipes with extreme orifices.
200. Rectangular Pipes.
201. Elbow Pipes of soapstone.
202. Modified Elbow Pipes.
203. Miscellaneous Stemless Pipes.
204. Pipes with angularly directed
bowls.
205. Pipes with angularly directed
bowls.
206. Lead-inlaid Calumets from
Wisconsin.
207. Lead-inlaid Calumets from
Wisconsin.
208. Elbow and Modified Elbow Pipes
with lead inlay.
209. Inlaid Rectangular Pipes.
210. Ancient and modern Calumets.
211. Pottery and catlinite Pipes.
212. Iroquois Pipes of pottery.
213. Iroquois Pipes of pottery.
214. Iroquois Pipes of pottery.
215. Trumpet-shaped Pottery Pipes of
Iroquois type from Wisconsin.
216. Representative forms of
Iroquois Pottery Pipes.
217. Pottery Pipes.
218. figs. 1-7. Pottery Pipes from
Winnebago Co., Wis. figs. 8-12.
Pottery Pipes from Arkansas.
219. Common Elbow types of Wisconsin
Pottery Pipes.
220. Specialized Elbow forms of
Wisconsin Pottery Pipes.
221. Pottery Pipes from the
Southeastern United States.
222. Pottery Pipes from the
Southeastern United States.
223. Pipes from Bartow County,
Georgia.
224. Pottery Pipes, Southwestern
Area.
225. figs. 1-4. Long-stemmed Elbow
Pipes from Arkansas. figs. 5,6.
Cigar-holders from Brazil. figs.
7-9. Cigars used by Indians at the
headwaters of the Amazon.
226. Pottery Pipes from Arkansas.
227. Pottery Pipes from Louisiana.
228. Pottery Pipes from Mexico.
229. Northwest Coast Effigy Pipes.
230. Northwest Coast Effigy Pipes.
231. Northwest Coast Effigy Pipes.
232. figs. 1-3. Northwest Coast
Effigy Pipes. fig. 4. Eskimo Pipe.
233. Northwest Coast Effigy Pipes.
234. Northwest Coast Smoking Set.
235. Common type of Eskimo Pipes.
236. Stems of Eskimo Pipes.
237. Eskimo ivory Pipes.
238. Pipes from South America and
Panama.
239. Blackfoot Indian Pipes.
240. Ojibwa Indian Pipes.
241. Tomahawk Pipes from Wisconsin.
242. Tomahawk Pipes.
243. Tomahawk Pipes.
244. Tomahawk Pipes.
245. Tomahawk Pipes of catlinite.
246. Lead Pipes.
247. figs. 1-4. Snuff-tubes from
Costa Rica. fig. 5. Calumet of lead.
248. Trade and early settlers'
Pipes, Wisconsin.
249. Stone tools used in the
fabrication of Stone Pipes.
250. Types of stone awls and drill
points.
251. Figures showing drills used in
making Aboriginal Pipes.
252. fig. 1. High-bowled Elbow Pipe.
fig. 2. Modified Flat-based Monitor
Pipe.
253. The Miller Great Owl Effigy
Pipe.
254. Unique Alate-stemmed Tube.
255. High-bowled, Alate-stemmed
Monitor Pipe.
256. Pipes from Iowa.
257. Pipes from Iowa. |
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TEXT FIGURES |
| |
1. Pottery Tube from
the ruins of the Pueblo of Taos, New
Mexico. la. End of bowl of Alate-stemmed
Tube Pipe.
2. Cross-sections of front and rear
ends of the stem of an extraordinary
Monitor Pipe.
3. Ornamented Curve-based Monitor
Pipe.
4. Side view of Eagle Effigy Pipe.
5. Side view of Eagle Effigy Pipe. -
6. Cloud-blower, Idol Pipe.
Sectional view.
7. "Buffalo Pipe", an eccentric
form.
8. Turtle Effigy Pipe, with human
faces on the sides.
9. An unusual Pipe made of bone.
10. Effigy Handle Pipe found in
Ashland County, Wisconsin.
11. Vase-shaped Pipe made of fossil
coral.
12. Keel-shaped Pipe ornamented with
zigzags and other figures.
13. Pipe-bowl prepared for leading.
14. Trade-ax showing typical
"maker's trademark".
15. Tomahawk pipe-head of brass with
dovetailing for steel cutting edge.
16. Spanish type of Tomahawk Pipe.
17. Lead Pipe. |
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MAPS |
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1. Distribution of
Tubes in North America.
2. Distribution of Flat-based
Monitor Pipes in North America.
3. Distribution of Curve-based
Monitor Pipes in North America.
4. Distribution of Effigy Pipes in
North America.
5. Distribution of Heavy Animal-form
Effigy Pipes in North America.
6. Distribution of Disk Pipes in
North America.
7. Distribution of Handle Pipes in
North America.
8. Distribution of Ovoid Pipes in
North America.
9. Distribution of Vase-shaped Pipes
in North America.
10. Distribution of Lens-shaped
Pipes in North America.
11. Distribution of Keel-shaped
Pipes in North America.
12. Distribution of Trapezoidal
Pipes in North America.
13. Distribution of Micmac Pipes in
North America.
14. Distribution of the Calumet in
North America.
15. Distribution of Elbow or
Rectangular Pipes in North America.
16. Distribution of Iroquoian Pipes
in North America.
17. Distribution of Pottery Pipes in
North America.
18. Distribution of Pueblo Pipes in
North America.
19. Distribution of Northwest Coast
Pipes in North America. |
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